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Rebellion June to September 1837     
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Abraham
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Abraham, detail from Orr's 1848 engraving in The Origin, Progress, and Conclusion of the Florida War by John T. Sprague.
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Rage

Once again, Jesup resolved to use captives to his advantage. Before Coa Hadjo's secret deal had unraveled, Jesup had taken prisoner almost two hundred Black Seminoles, including Abraham, whom he regarded as the leading force of the black resistance. "[T]he negro portion of the hostile force of the Seminole nation not taken," he said, "is entirely without a head." Jesup contrived to make Abraham his agent:

"I have promised Abraham the freedom of his family, if he prove faithful to us; and I shall surely hang him if he be not faithful."

Army use of torture was not documented, but as historian John Mahon put it, Jesup’s “policy toward captured Seminoles kept him pretty well informed.” He threatened more than one prisoner with hanging. Through whatever means necessary, the general obtained the information he needed to pursue the leading warriors.

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Sources: ASPMA 7: 842, Giddings Exiles 155, 162, Mahon 209. ©
Part 2, War: Outline  l  Images
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 Trail Narrative
 + Prologue
 + Background: 1693-1812
 + Early Years: 1812-1832
 - War: 1832-1838
+ Prelude to War
+ Revenge
+ Deceit
spacer spacer General Jesup
Jesup's Tactics
Hostages
The Diplomat
Peace
Slaveholders
Betrayal
Escape
Rage
White Flags
+ Liberty or Death
 + Exile: 1838-1850
 + Freedom: 1850-1882
 + Legacy & Conclusion