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Rebellion 1844 - 1845     
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Headquarters of Fort Gibson
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Headquarters of Fort Gibson, completed in 1845. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, HABS, OKLA,51-FOGIB,1C-.
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Assassination

John Horse sought refuge in the headquarters at Fort Gibson. From that point on, he took up semi-permanent residence at the fort, under the watchful eyes of officers whom he had befriended in Oklahoma and Florida. (A number of career men served in both locations.) Officers wrote appeals to Washington on John Horse's behalf. The Secretary of War himself warned the Seminole chiefs that they would be held responsible for John Horse's family, property, and life.

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Sources: Littlefield Seminoles 89, Mulroy 39. ©
Part 3, Exile: Outline  l Images
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 Trail Narrative
 + Prologue
 + Background: 1693-1812
 + Early Years: 1812-1832
 + War: 1832-1838
 - Exile: 1838-1850
+ Shifting Alliances
+ American Justice
spacer spacer Appeals for Help
Assassination
Washington
"The Hero"
Federal Allies
Southern Enemies
Marcellus Duval
Frontier Justice
American Justice
+ A New Frontier
 + Freedom: 1850-1882
 + Legacy & Conclusion