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Rebellion Spring 1844     
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Homesteading. Contemporary rendering based on a 1905 photo from Encinal, Texas. National Archives.
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Endangered Alliance

Homesteading on the Deep Fork of the Canadian, John Horse was relatively secure. Written statements from Zachary Taylor and Colonel Worth confirmed his freedom. At Micanopy's suggestion, the tribe also had recognized his free status in 1843 by validating his Seminole master's will. The Territory was tense, but John Horse had options. He could have pursued the private interests of his family. He could have smoothed over relations with the pro-slavery chiefs. Instead, he chose a wider course of action.

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Sources: Porter Black 106, 116, Littlefield Seminoles 102, Foreman Five 258. ©
Part 3, Exile: Outline  l Images
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 Trail Narrative
 + Prologue
 + Background: 1693-1812
 + Early Years: 1812-1832
 + War: 1832-1838
 - Exile: 1838-1850
+ Shifting Alliances
spacer spacer Enemy to Ally
Atrocities
National Debate
Prosperity
Emigration
Creek Tensions
Endangered Alliance
+ American Justice
+ A New Frontier
 + Freedom: 1850-1882
 + Legacy & Conclusion