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Rebellion 1800 - 1835     
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The Old Plantation
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"The Old Plantation," illustration from between 1790 and 1800. Scholars are uncertain as to events depicted in the painting, but it is possibly one of the few period illustrations showing a 'jumping the broom' ceremony in South Carolina. The Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Museum in Colonial Williamsburg.
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Afro-Indian Culture slide ticker

Rather, Black Seminoles appear to have drawn most of their customs from the slave cultures of the Deep South with traces directly from Africa. In a legacy of the plantations, for instance, weddings featured a broom-jumping ceremony. A host of practices echoed Africa, such as the use of African names, ring-shouts, and call-and-response forms of worship. The importation of African slaves did not become illegal in the U.S. until 1807, and the continent was a living memory for many members of John Horse's community.

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Sources: Foster 51-59, Simmons 44, Mulroy 22-23. ©
Part 1, Early Years: Outline  l  Images
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 Trail Narrative
 + Prologue
 + Background: 1693-1812
 - Early Years: 1832-1838
+ World at Birth
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Seminole Slavery
Living Conditions
Afro-Indian Culture
+ Encroaching America
+ A New Country
 + War: 1832-1838
 + Exile: 1838-1850
 + Freedom: 1850-1882
 + Legacy & Conclusion