Afro-Indian Culture

The culture that John Horse was born into was an evolving mixture of African, Indian, Spanish, and slave traditions. Maroons adopted some forms of material culture from the Seminole Indians, including living in chickees, wearing Seminole clothing, straining koonti, a native root, and making sofkee, a paste created by mashing corn with a mortar and pestle. Living apart from the Indians, however, the maroons appear to have developed their own unique African American culture.