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Rebellion December 1837     
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Seminole camp in the everglades
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A Seminole camp in the Everglades, aerial view, from the early 20th century. Florida Photographic Collection.
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Within weeks 380 Seminole warriors were secure in the Everglades near Arpeika's village, waiting for Taylor and his men. These were the die-hards -- the fire-eating Mikasukis, who had refused to enter all negotiations; Coacoochee and the traditionalists, who vowed to fight to the death; and John Horse, whose Black Seminole vanguard were committed to serve at the front of any action. As they had throughout the war, the two groups fought as allies -- the Indians for land, the blacks for freedom.

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Sources: Porter Black 88, Mahon 227, Tucker 80. ©
Part 2, War: Outline  l  Images
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 Trail Narrative
 + Prologue
 + Background: 1693-1812
 + Early Years: 1812-1832
 - War: 1832-1838
+ Prelude to War
+ Revenge
+ Deceit
+ Liberty or Death
spacer spacer Captivity
Noble Savages
Resistance
Liberty or Death
Osceola's Death
Star of the Nation
Jesup's Proclamation
The Decision
Post-Script
Deportation
 + Exile: 1838-1850
 + Freedom: 1850-1882
 + Legacy & Conclusion