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Rebellion 1812     
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Payne's Prairie
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Payne's Prairie has cradled human life for over 10,000 years. Courtesy Friends of Payne's Prairie.
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The land of John Horse's birth was a rich and fertile plain known as Payne's Prairie. Situated on the Alachua savannah, the site was the birthplace of the earliest Seminole communities, founded by Cowkeeper in the 1750s. Fugitive blacks were first reported in the vicinity in the early 1700s, living with the Yamasees, one of the precursor tribes of the Seminoles.

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Sources: Swanton 180-81, McReynolds 5, Porter Black 4-5, Landers Black Society 27-28, 294ff. ©
Part 1, Early Years: Outline  l  Images
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 Trail Narrative
 + Prologue
 + Background: 1693-1812
 - Early Years: 1832-1838
+ World at Birth
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Seminole Slavery
Living Conditions
Afro-Indian Culture
+ Encroaching America
+ A New Country
 + War: 1832-1838
 + Exile: 1838-1850
 + Freedom: 1850-1882
 + Legacy & Conclusion