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Rebellion 1812 - 1813     
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Plan of Fort Picalata on St. Johns River
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"Plan of Fort Picalata on St. Johns River." Initially constructed by the Spanish in 1734, the fortifications at Picolata had lapsed into disuse until the Patriots attempted to hold them in 1812. Florida Photographic Collection.
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Attempting to seize St. Augustine, the Patriots established a garrison at Fort Picolata on the St. Johns river. To build national support for their "spontaneous" revolt, Patriot John McIntosh wrote to Monroe, emphasizing the perils that his men faced because of Florida's unruly blacks:

"Our slaves [are] incited to rebel, and we have an army of Negroes raked up in this country .... Let us ask, if we are abandoned, what will be the situation of the southern states with this body of men in the neighborhood? St. Augustine, the whole province, will be the refuge of fugitive slaves; and from thence emissaries can, and no doubt will, be detached, to bring about a revolt of the Black population in the United States."

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Sources: Smith Plot 207-11, State Papers 156. ©
Part 1, Early Years: Outline  l  Images
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 Trail Narrative
 + Prologue
 + Background: 1693-1812
 - Early Years: 1832-1838
+ World at Birth
+ Encroaching America
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Andrew Jackson
Negro Fort
First War
+ A New Country
 + War: 1832-1838
 + Exile: 1838-1850
 + Freedom: 1850-1882
 + Legacy & Conclusion