John Horse, or "Gopher John,"
Engraving by Orr, 1848.

After his surrender, John Horse briefly moved west but then returned to Florida, to enlist as an interpreter and scout for the U.S. Army. Without allegiance to the remaining Indian militants, he joined other black warriors and even leading Indians, accepting cash payments to cooperate with the U.S. As a popular hunting guide and scout, John Horse won the admiration of many officers and entered American military lore.

• Enemy to Ally: John Horse returns to Florida
• Sidetrack: Had John Horse sold out?
• Prosperity: John Horse's tenure as a U.S. Army Scout (with full image credit)

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