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Rebellion 1839 - 1849     
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Joseph Cinquez, Congolese leader of the Amistad rebellion
 
"Joseph Cinquez, the brave Congolese Chief, who prefers death to slavery, and who now lies in jail." Lithograph from 1839, created by Moses Yale Beach, from a drawing ascribed to either James or Isaac Sheffield. This portrait appeared in The New York Sun, which described Cinquez as a "brave Congolese chief . . . who now lies in jail in arms at New Haven, Conn., awaiting his trial for daring for freedom." The text quotes Cinquez saying, "Brothers, we have done that which we proposed . . . I am resolved it is better to die than be a white man's slave." Library of Congress.